How do discolorations occur? How to get rid of them?

Pigmentation spots on the skin, also known as hyperpigmentation, are typically caused by an overproduction of melanin. It is the pigment responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. Skin cells called melanocytes produce melanin. Science developed active cosmetics that are fading pigmentation spots. Various factors can contribute to the development of pigmentation spots:

Sun Exposure

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a common trigger for hyperpigmentation. When the skin is exposed to excessive sunlight, melanocytes can produce more melanin to protect the skin from further damage. This can result in the formation of dark spots, freckles, or age spots (also known as solar lentigines).

Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations, such as those that occur during pregnancy (melasma or “pregnancy mask”), menopause, or while taking birth control pills, can lead to increased melanin production and the appearance of pigmentation spots.

Inflammation and Injury

Skin injuries, inflammation, or trauma, such as acne, cuts, burns, or even aggressive skin treatments, can stimulate melanocytes and result in hyperpigmentation in the affected areas. This is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).

Genetic Factors

Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to developing certain types of pigmentation spots. Conditions like moles can have a genetic component.

Skin Disorders

Certain skin conditions, like melasma, lentigines, or other forms of hyperpigmentation disorders, can cause uneven pigmentation in specific areas of the skin.

Medications and Chemicals

Certain medications, such as those used in chemotherapy, as well as exposure to certain chemicals or substances, can lead to pigmentation changes in the skin.

Age and Natural Aging Process

As we age, the distribution of melanin can become more uneven. It leads to the formation of age spots or uneven skin tone.
It’s important to note that while hyperpigmentation is generally harmless, it can have a significant impact on a person’s self-esteem and quality of life. There are various treatment options available to address pigmentation spots, including:

Active cosmetics

The use of cosmetics containing active ingredients such as azeloglicina, vitamin C and azelaic acid. Above all these are substances with a brightening effect. They even out skin tone. Azeloglicina not only fades spots, but also blocks the secretion of melanin in the skin. This prevents the formation of new discolorations.

Chemical Peels

Beautician can perform chemical peels using mild acids. The exfoliation of the top layer of skin and promote new, more evenly pigmented skin to emerge.

Laser and Light Therapies

Laser and light-based treatments, such as IPL or fractional laser therapy, can target and break down melanin. It reduces the appearance of pigmentation spots.

Microdermabrasion

This procedure involves exfoliating the outer layer of skin to improve its texture and tone. Potentially reduces the appearance of pigmentation spots.

It’s essential to consult with a dermatologist or beautician before pursuing any treatment for pigmentation spots. They can help determine the underlying cause of the hyperpigmentation and recommend the most appropriate and effective treatment approach based on your individual skin type and condition.